PETG vs ABS: A Comprehensive Guide to Choosing the Right 3D Printing Filament

Introduction

The production of objects has been changed by 3D printing, where thoughts are easily transformed into physical things. Among the most important determinations one can make in this type of printing is the choice of filament, since it directly determines the strength and how long-lasting and good-looking the item will be.

PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-Modified) and ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) happen to be two of the most used filaments globally when it comes to 3D printing. Each material has its own unique features that suit various applications.

In this article, we will discuss printability, strength, durability, and environmental friendliness between PETG and ABS, not forgetting their appearances too. Moreover, you will know when it’s appropriate to use either material, along with their ideal applications and tips for successful printing.

Well then let’s begin!

Printability

PETG:

Printing temperature requirements:

PETG is well-known for its ease of printing, making it a favorite among both beginners and experienced users. The recommended hot end temperature for PETG ranges between 220°C and 250°C. This slightly lower temperature range compared to ABS makes PETG more accessible, especially for hobbyists using entry-level 3D printers.

Bed temperature and adhesion:

To achieve the best results, it is essential to set the bed temperature between 60°C and 80°C. PETG adheres exceptionally well to the build plate, which is a double-edged sword. While strong adhesion ensures the print stays in place during the process, it can sometimes make print removal challenging, potentially damaging the build surface. To mitigate this, applying a release agent such as glue or hairspray can be highly effective. Ensuring proper bed adhesion is crucial for the initial layers, which sets the foundation for a successful print by preventing warping and shifting.

 

 

Challenges and solutions:

Despite its many advantages, PETG is not without challenges. One common issue is stringing and oozing, where small strands of filament are left between different parts of the print, creating a messy appearance. This can be minimized by fine-tuning the retraction settings in the slicer software, which controls the withdrawal of the filament during non-printing movements.

 

Another challenge is PETG’s hygroscopic nature, meaning it absorbs moisture from the air, which can degrade print quality. Storing PETG in a dry place and using a filament dryer can help maintain its quality. Additionally, while PETG does not require an enclosed printer, maintaining a stable temperature environment can further enhance print quality.

ABS:

Printing temperature requirements:

ABS is a bit more demanding when it comes to print settings. It requires higher temperatures, with the hot end needing to be set between 220°C and 260°C. This high temperature is necessary to ensure proper layer adhesion and strength of the printed parts. The higher temperature helps fuse the layers more effectively, resulting in stronger and more durable prints.

Bed temperature and adhesion:

A heated bed is essential when printing with ABS, with recommended temperatures between 90°C and 110°C. An enclosed printing environment is also highly recommended to maintain a consistent temperature and reduce warping. Warping occurs when the edges of the print lift from the bed due to uneven cooling, which can ruin the print. Using a heated bed and an enclosure helps maintain even temperatures throughout the printing process, reducing the risk of warping and improving overall print quality.

Challenges and solutions:

ABS is notorious for its tendency to warp and shrink as it cools, making it challenging to print large or flat objects. An enclosed printer helps maintain a stable temperature, reducing these issues.

 

ABS also emits fumes during printing, which can be unpleasant and potentially harmful. Proper ventilation is necessary to ensure a safe working environment. Using an enclosed printer with an air filtration system can help mitigate these risks. Additionally, ABS is prone to delamination, where layers separate if not printed at the correct temperature. Ensuring the printer maintains a consistent temperature can help prevent this issue.

Strength and Durability

PETG:

Tensile strength and flexibility:

PETG is prized for its excellent balance of strength and flexibility. With a tensile strength of around 50 MPa, PETG is slightly stronger than ABS. This makes PETG ideal for parts that need to withstand mechanical stress without breaking. The flexibility of PETG allows it to absorb impacts better, reducing the likelihood of cracking under pressure. This property makes PETG suitable for applications where parts may be subject to bending or twisting forces.

Impact resistance and mechanical stress:

PETG is highly resistant to impact, making it a durable choice for functional parts. It can handle significant stress and is less likely to crack or break under pressure. This makes it suitable for creating parts that will undergo repeated use or stress, such as phone cases, tool handles, and other everyday items. The impact resistance of PETG also makes it a good choice for outdoor applications, where parts may be subject to harsh weather conditions and physical impact.

Temperature limitations:

PETG has a lower glass transition temperature of around 80°C, which means it can soften or deform under high heat. This limitation makes it less suitable for applications that involve high temperatures, such as parts exposed to direct sunlight or used in hot environments. Despite this limitation, PETG remains stable under typical household conditions, making it a versatile choice for many projects. For applications that require exposure to higher temperatures, alternative materials may be more appropriate like ABS.

ABS:

Tensile strength and rigidity:

ABS is known for its strength and rigidity, with a tensile strength of 42 MPa. It is more rigid than PETG, which makes it ideal for parts that need to maintain their shape under stress. This rigidity is beneficial for mechanical parts that need to fit precisely and hold their shape under load. The strength of ABS makes it suitable for applications where structural integrity is paramount.

Impact resistance and mechanical stress:

ABS is tough and can withstand impact well, but it tends to have worse layer adhesion compared to PETG. This can affect the overall strength of 3D printed parts, especially when loads are applied along the layer lines. Proper printing techniques, such as maintaining a stable temperature and using a heated bed, can help improve layer adhesion and the overall durability of ABS prints. ABS's impact resistance makes it suitable for creating durable parts that need to withstand physical stress.

Temperature resistance:

ABS can withstand higher temperatures than PETG, with a glass transition temperature of approximately 105°C. This makes it a better choice for parts exposed to heat or sunlight, such as automotive components or outdoor fixtures. ABS's higher temperature resistance ensures that it maintains its structural integrity in hot environments, making it ideal for functional parts that need to endure high temperatures. The temperature resistance of ABS makes it suitable for applications where parts may be exposed to heat from machinery or direct sunlight.

Environmental Impact

PETG:

Biodegradability and recycling:

PETG is not biodegradable, but it is more environmentally friendly than ABS because it is easier to recycle. Many recycling facilities accept PETG due to its chemical stability. Using recycled PETG filaments can also help reduce the environmental impact of 3D printing. PETG's chemical stability ensures that it can be recycled without significant degradation in quality, making it a more sustainable choice for environmentally conscious users.

Fume emissions and safety:

PETG emits fewer harmful fumes during printing compared to ABS, making it a safer option for indoor use without extensive ventilation. However, it is still important to ensure good airflow to avoid inhaling microplastics. Using an air purifier or printing in a well-ventilated area can help improve safety. The lower fume emissions of PETG make it a more comfortable material to work with, especially in shared or enclosed spaces.

ABS:

Biodegradability and recycling:

ABS is also not biodegradable and can have a negative environmental impact if not properly recycled. It is less commonly recycled than PETG, so proper disposal is crucial. Recycling ABS involves more complex processes, which may not be available in all areas. Ensuring that ABS waste is disposed of correctly can help minimize its environmental impact.

Fume emissions and safety:

ABS emits volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and styrene during printing, which can be harmful if inhaled over long periods. Proper ventilation is essential to minimize exposure to these fumes. Using an enclosed printer with an air filtration system can help reduce the risk of inhaling harmful emissions.

Additionally, printing ABS in a separate, well-ventilated room can further improve safety. The higher fume emissions of ABS make it necessary to take additional precautions to protect your health and the health of others in the workspace.

Aesthetics

PETG:

Surface finish and color options:

PETG prints have a smooth, glossy finish that enhances the appearance of the final product. It is available in a variety of colors, including transparent options, making it suitable for projects where visual appeal is important. The glossy finish of PETG can make parts look more professional and aesthetically pleasing. PETG's transparency options allow for creative applications, such as creating translucent parts for decorative or functional purposes.

 

Post-processing limitations:

PETG is difficult to paint and glue, which can limit post-processing options. This can be a drawback for projects that require a high level of customization or a specific finish. While PETG can be sanded and polished to some extent, achieving a smooth finish may require additional effort and specialized tools. The limitations in post-processing make PETG less suitable for projects that require significant customization or detailed finishing work.

ABS:

Surface finish and color options:

ABS prints have a matte finish that can be smoothed using acetone vapor to achieve a glossy, professional look. ABS is easier to paint and glue than PETG, offering more flexibility for post-processing and customization. This makes ABS a good choice for projects that require a high-quality finish and detailed post-processing. ABS's matte finish can be transformed into a glossy surface using acetone vapor smoothing, providing a polished and professional appearance.

Post-processing flexibility:

ABS is well-suited for projects that require detailed post-processing. It can be sanded, painted, and glued with ease, making it a versatile choice for a variety of applications. The ability to smooth ABS prints with acetone vapor is a significant advantage, providing a high-quality finish that is hard to achieve with other materials. ABS's versatility in post-processing makes it an ideal choice for projects that require customization, detailed finishing, and high aesthetic standards.

When to Use PETG

Ideal Applications:

Custom Medical Models and Equipment: 

PETG is an excellent choice for 3D printing custom medical models and equipment due to its strength, durability, and chemical resistance. It can withstand regular cleaning and sterilization without degrading. PETG's biocompatibility makes it suitable for creating precise medical equipment such as prosthetics, surgical guides, and anatomical models. Its ability to endure harsh cleaning agents and sterilization processes ensures that medical devices made from PETG remain safe and effective over time.

Food-Safe Utensils and Containers: 

PETG is often used for 3D printing food-safe utensils and containers because it is chemically stable and does not leach harmful substances. Its transparency allows for clear and visually appealing food storage solutions. The material's resistance to moisture and chemicals ensures that 3D printed food containers and utensils remain safe and do not affect the quality of the stored food. PETG is ideal for creating custom kitchen tools, storage containers, and other food-related items.

 

Note: However, it is important to be cautious with 3D printed items that come into direct contact with food. The layers created during the 3D printing process can have gaps that may harbor bacteria, making repeated use potentially hazardous. Ensuring thorough cleaning and considering food-safe coatings can help mitigate this risk.

Outdoor Tools and Fixtures: 

PETG's resistance to UV light and weather makes it ideal for 3D printing outdoor tools and fixtures. It won't degrade quickly when exposed to the elements, ensuring a long lifespan for items such as garden tools, outdoor furniture, and decorative fixtures. PETG's durability makes it suitable for creating objects that need to withstand harsh weather conditions. The material's ability to resist fading and degradation from sunlight ensures that outdoor tools and fixtures maintain their appearance and functionality over time.

Durable Functional Prototypes: 

PETG is a good material for creating durable functional prototypes that need to be tested for strength and resilience. Its balance of flexibility and toughness makes it suitable for a wide range of 3D printed applications. PETG prototypes can be used to test mechanical parts, housing designs, and other functional components before mass production. The material's ability to withstand repeated testing and use ensures that prototypes remain accurate and functional throughout the development process.

 

Laboratory and Industrial Parts: 

Because of its chemical resistance, PETG is often used for 3D printing parts that will be exposed to harsh environments, including high humidity or exposure to chemicals. PETG's resistance to acids, bases, and solvents makes it ideal for creating laboratory equipment, chemical storage containers, and other items that need to withstand corrosive environments. The material's ability to resist degradation from harsh chemicals ensures that 3D printed parts made from PETG remain safe and effective in challenging industrial and laboratory conditions.

Advantages:

Layer adhesion:

PETG provides excellent layer adhesion, resulting in strong and durable prints. This makes PETG ideal for creating parts that need to withstand mechanical stress and repeated use. The strong layer adhesion ensures that parts remain intact and functional even under significant stress and strain.

Chemical and UV resistance:

PETG is resistant to a wide range of chemicals and UV light, making it suitable for outdoor and industrial applications. PETG's resistance to UV light ensures that it won't degrade quickly when exposed to sunlight, making it a durable choice for outdoor projects. The material's chemical resistance ensures that parts remain safe and effective when exposed to harsh chemicals and environmental conditions.

Warping resistance:

PETG is less prone to warping compared to ABS, making it easier to print with. This makes PETG a good choice for beginners and those without access to high-end 3D printers with enclosed chambers. The reduced risk of warping ensures that prints remain accurate and consistent, improving overall print quality and reducing the need for reprints.

Indoor safety:

PETG emits fewer harmful fumes during printing, making it safer for indoor use. This is especially important for hobbyists and professionals who work in shared or enclosed spaces. The lower fume emissions make PETG a more comfortable material to work with, reducing the risk of health issues from prolonged exposure to harmful fumes.

Glossy finish:

PETG prints have a smooth, glossy finish that enhances the appearance of the final product. This makes PETG suitable for creating items that need to look professional and aesthetically pleasing, such as display models, decorative objects, and custom parts. The glossy finish adds a polished and high-quality appearance to printed parts, making them more visually appealing.

Tips for Printing with PETG

Bed temperature settings: 

Set the bed temperature between 60°C and 80°C for optimal adhesion. This ensures that the print sticks to the bed during the printing process, reducing the risk of warping and improving print quality. Proper bed temperature settings are crucial for achieving a stable and successful print.

Use of release agents: 

Apply glue or hairspray to the build plate to prevent damage when removing prints. This helps prevent the print from sticking too strongly to the bed, making it easier to remove without damaging the build surface. Using a release agent can save time and effort during the print removal process.

Fan speed adjustments: 

Avoid using high fan speeds to reduce the risk of cracking. Adjusting the fan speed helps control the cooling process, ensuring that the layers bond properly and reducing the risk of delamination. Proper fan speed settings are essential for achieving strong and durable prints.

Proper storage: 

Store PETG in a cool, dry place to prevent moisture absorption. PETG is hygroscopic and can absorb moisture from the air, which can affect print quality. Using a filament dryer or storing PETG in an airtight container with desiccant can help maintain its quality. Proper storage ensures that PETG remains in optimal condition for printing.

Nozzle temperature settings: 

Use a nozzle temperature between 220°C and 250°C for best results. This range ensures that the filament melts properly and flows smoothly through the nozzle, reducing the risk of clogs and ensuring consistent extrusion. Proper nozzle temperature settings are crucial for achieving high-quality prints.

When to Use ABS

Ideal Applications:

Automotive components:

ABS is commonly used for automotive parts due to its high strength and temperature resistance. It can withstand the harsh conditions inside a car, including high temperatures and exposure to sunlight. ABS is suitable for creating custom car parts, dashboard components, and other automotive accessories. The material's durability and resistance to heat ensure that automotive components made from ABS remain functional and reliable.

 

Electronic enclosures:

ABS is an excellent choice for electronic enclosures because it is strong, durable, and can withstand heat generated by electronic components. It is ideal for creating custom housings for electronics, such as computer cases, phone covers, and other protective enclosures. ABS's ability to resist heat and protect sensitive electronic components ensures that electronic devices remain safe and operational.

Mechanical parts:

ABS is suitable for creating mechanical parts that need to be strong and rigid. Its toughness and impact resistance make it ideal for gears, brackets, and other mechanical components. ABS parts can be used in various mechanical applications, including robotics, machinery, and industrial equipment. The material's strength and rigidity ensure that mechanical parts made from ABS remain accurate and reliable under stress.

Toys and models:

ABS is often used for toys and models because it is easy to post-process and can be painted and glued. Its durability ensures that the final products can withstand rough handling. ABS is ideal for creating custom toys, action figures, and other models that require a high level of detail and durability. The material's versatility in post-processing allows for creative customization and finishing.

High-temperature applications:

ABS's high-temperature resistance makes it suitable for applications where the parts will be exposed to heat, such as in automotive and electronic applications. ABS can withstand temperatures up to 105°C, making it ideal for creating parts that need to endure high temperatures. The material's resistance to heat ensures that parts remain functional and do not deform under high-temperature conditions.

Advantages:

Strength and durability:

ABS is known for its high strength and durability, making it suitable for functional parts that need to withstand mechanical stress. Its toughness ensures that ABS parts can handle repeated use and stress without breaking or deforming. The material's durability makes it ideal for creating parts that need to remain reliable and functional over time.

Temperature resistance:

ABS can withstand higher temperatures than PETG, making it ideal for applications that involve heat. ABS's higher temperature resistance ensures that it maintains its structural integrity in hot environments, making it suitable for creating parts that need to endure high temperatures. The material's ability to withstand heat makes it ideal for automotive, electronic, and industrial applications.

Post-processing flexibility:

ABS is easy to sand, paint, and glue, offering more options for customization and finishing. This makes ABS a versatile choice for a variety of applications, allowing users to achieve the desired finish and look for their projects. The material's versatility in post-processing makes it ideal for creating custom parts with a professional appearance.

Surface finish options:

ABS can be smoothed using acetone vapor to achieve a glossy, professional finish. This is a significant advantage for projects that require a high-quality finish and detailed post-processing. ABS parts can be polished to achieve a smooth, glossy surface, enhancing the overall appearance of the final product. The ability to achieve a professional finish makes ABS ideal for creating high-quality models, prototypes, and custom parts.

Tips for Printing with ABS

Bed temperature settings: 

Set the bed temperature between 90°C and 110°C to minimize warping. This helps maintain a stable temperature, reducing the risk of warping and improving print quality. Proper bed temperature settings are crucial for achieving a successful print with ABS.

Enclosed printing environment: 

Print in an enclosed environment to maintain a stable temperature and reduce warping. Using an enclosed printer helps maintain even temperatures, reducing the risk of warping and improving overall print quality. An enclosed printing environment ensures that the print remains stable and accurate throughout the process.

Some advanced 3D printers come with built-in enclosures to address these challenges. For example, the Kingroon KLP1 is designed with a built-in enclosure to provide a stable printing environment for materials like ABS. The KLP1's enclosure helps maintain consistent temperatures and minimize issues like warping, ensuring high-quality prints even with challenging materials.

Proper ventilation: 

Ensure proper ventilation to avoid inhaling harmful fumes emitted by ABS. Using an air purifier or printing in a well-ventilated area can help improve safety. Proper ventilation is essential for protecting your health and the health of others in the workspace.

Nozzle temperature settings: 

Use a nozzle temperature between 220°C and 260°C for optimal results. This range ensures that the filament melts properly and flows smoothly through the nozzle, reducing the risk of clogs and ensuring consistent extrusion. Proper nozzle temperature settings are crucial for achieving high-quality prints with ABS.

Use of adhesion aids: 

Apply adhesion aids like ABS slurry to improve bed adhesion. This helps ensure that the print sticks to the bed during the printing process, reducing the risk of warping and improving print quality. Using adhesion aids can save time and effort by preventing print failures and ensuring a stable print.

If you own a Kingroon KLP1 3D printer and want to delve deeper into printing with ABS, we've got you covered. Check out our detailed guide: ABS Printing with the KINGROON KLP1 3D Printer.

Explore Kingroon's High-Quality Filament Range

Kingroon offers a wide variety of PETG and ABS filaments, ensuring high quality and affordability for all your 3D printing needs. Their PETG selection includes standard options with many colors as well as the transparent PETG filament, allowing users to experiment with different colors to achieve unique results in their projects.

You can explore Kingroon's PETG filaments.

For ABS, Kingroon provides standard ABS filaments that cater to various functional and mechanical needs. Their ABS filaments are designed to offer durability, impact resistance, and heat resistance, making them suitable for demanding applications.

Discover Kingroon's ABS filaments.

FAQs

What is better, ABS or PETG?

When comparing ABS and PETG for 3D printing, each material has its strengths depending on your needs. Choose ABS for high-temperature applications and durability. Opt for PETG if you prefer easier printing and chemical resistance. Your specific project needs will determine the best choice.

Is PETG more heat resistant than ABS?

No, ABS is generally more heat resistant than PETG. ABS can withstand higher temperatures, making it suitable for applications requiring thermal stability. However, PETG is easier to print and offers good strength and flexibility, making it a popular choice for many projects. Choose based on your specific needs for heat resistance and ease of use.

What is stronger than PETG?

ABS, PC, and Nylon are stronger than PETG. ABS is commonly used in personal 3D printing for its durability and heat resistance. Nylon and Polycarbonate (PC) are often used in industrial applications due to their superior strength and durability. Each material offers unique benefits depending on your project requirements.

Can PETG be used for food-safe applications?

Yes, PETG is chemically stable and does not leach harmful substances, making it suitable for food-safe applications. However, it is essential to ensure that the specific PETG filament used is certified food-safe.

Conclusion

Choosing between PETG and ABS for 3D printing depends on the specific requirements of your project. PETG is ideal for applications that require a balance of strength, flexibility, and ease of printing, while ABS is better suited for projects that need high-temperature resistance, durability, and detailed post-processing. By understanding the strengths and limitations of each material, you can make an informed decision that ensures the success of your 3D printing projects. Whether you need the chemical resistance and safety of PETG or the heat resistance and post-processing flexibility of ABS, both materials offer unique benefits that can help you achieve your desired outcomes in 3D printing. With the right material, you can bring your ideas to life and create high-quality, functional, and aesthetically pleasing objects.